Computer Architecture Notes

Input Devices:

1. Graphics Tablets
2. Cameras
3. Video Capture Handware
4. Trackballs
5. Barcode reader
6. Digital camera
7. Gamepad
8. Joystick
9. Keyboard
10. Microphone
11. MIDI keyboard
12. Mouse (pointing device)
13. Scanner
14. Webcam
15. Touchpads
16. Electronic Whiteboard
17. Magnetic Key Cards

Output Devices:

1. Monitor
2. Printers (all types)
3. Plotters
4. Projector
5. LCD Projection Panels
6. Computer Output microfilm (COM)
7. Speaker(s)
8. Radio

Both Input-Output Devices:

1. Modems
2. Network cards
3. Touch Screen
4. Headsets
5. Facsimile (scanner)
6. Audio Cards/Sound Card
7. USB

Parts of Central Unit:

Program:

• Ask the user for scores, S1, S2, S3
• Save the scores
• Add Scores
• Save in sum
• Find average 
• Save average
• Print Scores, sum, average

Random Access Memory- volatile - this means that everything that is stored is erased when turned off. The data that is running and the data that is related to it is stored in RAM. 

Central Processing Unit has 2 units:

1. Control Unit (CU)
1. executes the program line by line and works as an interface between input/output devices, ALU, and RAM
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 
1. performs arithmetic operations and evaluates logical statements 

Computer Architecture Diagram

Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

• How do computers come to life?
• The on button
• 0 - Off
• 1 - On
• This is using binary system because that uses two states
• 0 is called bit, 1 is called bit
• Every simple on the keyboard is called a character including space bar, a-z, small letters, 0-9, special symbols.
• a combination each combo represents something different
• for example 01010010- A and 00010111- a... 
• 8 bits = 1 byte
• Every character on KB is represented by a byte.
• electrical pulse can make it go in and doesn't go in 
• The computer continually simplifies the language until it becomes easy enough for a computer to process
• Operating system: helps resource management and helps computer wake up and shut down and connect to various resources
• screen to keyboard
• mouse to screen
• keyboard to mouse
• Jobs: gives priority to certain jobs 
• When a person types on the alphabet or any character on the keyboard, electrical pulses are sent in are sent in or not sent in based on the combination of bits used for that character.
• A compiler takes in the high level language from the user checks for any errors and displays errors to the owner so after it is fixed, it converts the ENTIRE thing into mission language/ binary language/ object code/ binary code/ mission code.
• example like java programming
• Interpreter is a systems program that takes in the high level language and converts it statement by statement into machine language. 
• not taking entire thing, taking only line by line so that it will come out immediately. 
• Source Code --> Compiler/Interpreter --> Object Code (bunch of binary) 
• Object Code- binary code or language/ machine code or language
• High level language --> java, CTT, python
• Application Software and System Software
•  Application Software- software for a given application.
• System software is like an operating system
• they are in the background 
• When the computer is rebooted, it will go through a checklist of if everything works