Difference between For Loop and While Loop

For Loop:

It is a fixed repetition loop. It will run the given number of times no matter how the body of for loop changes the values of the variables.

If you have a constant (eg: max students), you can run the For Loop for htat many times. You can change the value of the constant. Every year you can change the value of Max Students.

The counter value increases or decreases depending up on teh for looop min, max, incremented or decremented values automatically as statesd per requirement- no separate statement is made within the body of for lop.

A seperate variable is needed most time sto run a For Loop.

A For Loops can also start with a maximum value and decrease each time the body of the loop is executed.

While Loop: While loop can have various conditions and they can be joined(AND OR). The control enters the loop body only when the condition is met. If the condition is not met, the control goes to the statement following the end of the while loop body. A statement within the while loop changes the criteria and that actually moves the control out and to the statements that are following the end of while loop body.

Computer Architecture Notes

Input Devices:

1. Graphics Tablets
2. Cameras
3. Video Capture Handware
4. Trackballs
5. Barcode reader
6. Digital camera
7. Gamepad
8. Joystick
9. Keyboard
10. Microphone
11. MIDI keyboard
12. Mouse (pointing device)
13. Scanner
14. Webcam
15. Touchpads
16. Electronic Whiteboard
17. Magnetic Key Cards

Output Devices:

1. Monitor
2. Printers (all types)
3. Plotters
4. Projector
5. LCD Projection Panels
6. Computer Output microfilm (COM)
7. Speaker(s)
8. Radio

Both Input-Output Devices:

1. Modems
2. Network cards
3. Touch Screen
4. Headsets
5. Facsimile (scanner)
6. Audio Cards/Sound Card
7. USB

Parts of Central Unit:

Program:

• Ask the user for scores, S1, S2, S3
• Save the scores
• Add Scores
• Save in sum
• Find average 
• Save average
• Print Scores, sum, average

Random Access Memory- volatile - this means that everything that is stored is erased when turned off. The data that is running and the data that is related to it is stored in RAM. 

Central Processing Unit has 2 units:

1. Control Unit (CU)
1. executes the program line by line and works as an interface between input/output devices, ALU, and RAM
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 
1. performs arithmetic operations and evaluates logical statements 

Computer Architecture Diagram

Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

• How do computers come to life?
• The on button
• 0 - Off
• 1 - On
• This is using binary system because that uses two states
• 0 is called bit, 1 is called bit
• Every simple on the keyboard is called a character including space bar, a-z, small letters, 0-9, special symbols.
• a combination each combo represents something different
• for example 01010010- A and 00010111- a... 
• 8 bits = 1 byte
• Every character on KB is represented by a byte.
• electrical pulse can make it go in and doesn't go in 
• The computer continually simplifies the language until it becomes easy enough for a computer to process
• Operating system: helps resource management and helps computer wake up and shut down and connect to various resources
• screen to keyboard
• mouse to screen
• keyboard to mouse
• Jobs: gives priority to certain jobs 
• When a person types on the alphabet or any character on the keyboard, electrical pulses are sent in are sent in or not sent in based on the combination of bits used for that character.
• A compiler takes in the high level language from the user checks for any errors and displays errors to the owner so after it is fixed, it converts the ENTIRE thing into mission language/ binary language/ object code/ binary code/ mission code.
• example like java programming
• Interpreter is a systems program that takes in the high level language and converts it statement by statement into machine language. 
• not taking entire thing, taking only line by line so that it will come out immediately. 
• Source Code --> Compiler/Interpreter --> Object Code (bunch of binary) 
• Object Code- binary code or language/ machine code or language
• High level language --> java, CTT, python
• Application Software and System Software
•  Application Software- software for a given application.
• System software is like an operating system
• they are in the background 
• When the computer is rebooted, it will go through a checklist of if everything works

Points to Consider for presentation

Some points I would could consider to keep my audience engaged during the presentation would be:
- Try to incorporate some fun facts or interesting facts to keep my audience interested.
- I would also try not to sound very monotone and keep a light active voice so that my audience won't feel bored.
- I would keep in mind all my public speaking skills when presenting so that my audience would be able to understand me and I can sound more professional
- Connect the explanation to the daily life

 Video Notes:
- Always use big fonts so that you are forced to compact your information in small amounts
- Use minimal amount of slides
- Try not to make it too long so that they can stay focused

Software Approach, Top Down Design

One way of coding is to simply have an rough idea of what you want to do and then start typing away to produce one huge source file.

This is a very bad idea.

The resulting code is likely to have many issues with it that include

• Poorly documented code, so very hard to maintain and update
• 'Spaghetti code' - which means a tangled mess of jumps and loops all over the code, very hard for someone to understand. Even by the original coder a few days later!
• Duplication of code, so wasting memory and running speed
• Very hard to develop by more than one person as there is only one file
• Very hard to debug - the file either works for it doesn't
  
  

Systems Thinking

What comes to your mind when you hear the word system? What is a System? How does it work?

- When I hear the word system, I think of gears, like the picture of the app called system on an iphone.
- A system is something that is used to organize something. For example, color coding something is a system. It is when different components work together to create something.
- It works by having something that will trigger the next thing which will lead to the next.


Notes:

Domain: the knowledge of how something functions
- any software product needs to be tested for how it works as system.
There is always something flowing through the system

A computer has many parts that help the computer function.

Even if there are two of the same things, there are still two different names they are called so that means they are different.
Everything has to stay within the same kind of "measurement"

Name Card- Mission Reflection

1. Why is each step required?
1. Each step is required because all of them are required to create a good product/design that is thoughtful and useful.
2. What did you learn?
1. I learned about the different steps of the design thinking process. I learned about why each steps matter in achieving a product that is useful in learning one's name and more about them.
3. How did you contribute towards disruptive innovation in this project?
1.  My name card contributes towards disruptive innovation as it isn't like any other. It is in the shape of a christmas tree, showing my favorite holiday. I put my other hobbies as ornaments on my tree showing what I like. 

Name Card- Prototype/ Test

This was my original prototype before I received feedback from Jeffrey.

Feedback:
- Add last name
- add more details

This is my final product after receiving feedback.

Name Card - Ideate

Comments: 

- Make the tree more interesting

- Add a star

- Add more to debate ornament

Name Card - Define

Theme:

- I will create a name card with a christmas tree background.


Challenge:

- I am not sure how to coordinate Christmas with debate

Name Card Empathize

I'm making a name card for Jeffrey Yang.

The name card will have my information.

Fav movie

Fav artist

Free time

Fav sport

Siblings

Fav TV

Fav season

Fav vacation destination

Fav holiday

Fav Animal

Hate most

Fav color

Actresses/Actors

Fav social media 

Digging Deeper

- fav holiday

- fav hobby

- fav color

- fav vacation destination

- fav sport

Software Development Life Cycle and Design Thinking Process

Software Development Life Cycle

• Systems analysis, requirements gathering. Defines project goals into defined functions and operation with the objective in mind. It is the process of gathering user requirements, diagnosing problems and recommending improvements to the future system.

A series of steps followed by the developer are:

1. Gathering facts: End user requirements are obtained through documentation, client interviews, observation and questionnaires- asking what the user is currently doing and if there are any specific improvements they want or prefer.
2. Scrutiny of the existing system: Identify pros and cons of the current system in-place, so as to carry forward the pros and avoid the cons in the new system.
3. Analyzing the proposed system: Solutions to the shortcomings in step two are found and any specific user proposals are used to prepare the specifications.

• Systems design: Describes desired features and operations in detail, including screen layouts, rules, guidelines, process (data flow and entity relation) diagrams, pseudocode and other documentation.
• Development: The real code is written here. 
• Integration and testing: Brings all the modules (pieces) together into a special testing environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability.
• Maintenance: During the maintenance stage of the SDLC, the system is assessed to ensure it does not become obsolete. This is also where updates are made to the initial software. it involves  continuous evaluation of the system in terms of its performance and completing the change requests based on the feedback.

EMPATHIZE: Work to fully understand the experience of the user for whom you are designing. Do this through observation, interaction, and immersing yourself in their experiences. 

DEFINE: Process and synthesize the finding from your empathy work in order to form a user point of view that you will address with your design.

IDEATE: Explore a wide variety of possible solutions through generating a large quantity of diverse possible solutions, allowing you to step beyond the obvious and explore a range of ideas. 

PROTOTYPE: Transform your ideas into a physical form so that you can experience and interact with them and, in the process, learn and develop more empathy.

TEST: Try out high-resolution products and use observations and feedback to refine prototypes, learn more about the user, and refine your original point of view. 

My Perspective on Computer Science

What is computer science?

-- Computer Science is studying the basics of the mechanism of computers as well as the study of programming.

What do I know?

-- I only know the basics to programming with Python (what we learned last year).


What I expect to know?

-- I expect a more in-depth idea of idea of computer science. I feel like I will understand more about not only computers itself but programming as well.