Difference between For Loop and While Loop

For Loop:

It is a fixed repetition loop. It will run the given number of times no matter how the body of for loop changes the values of the variables.

If you have a constant (eg: max students), you can run the For Loop for htat many times. You can change the value of the constant. Every year you can change the value of Max Students.

The counter value increases or decreases depending up on teh for looop min, max, incremented or decremented values automatically as statesd per requirement- no separate statement is made within the body of for lop.

A seperate variable is needed most time sto run a For Loop.

A For Loops can also start with a maximum value and decrease each time the body of the loop is executed.

While Loop: While loop can have various conditions and they can be joined(AND OR). The control enters the loop body only when the condition is met. If the condition is not met, the control goes to the statement following the end of the while loop body. A statement within the while loop changes the criteria and that actually moves the control out and to the statements that are following the end of while loop body.

Computer Architecture Notes

Input Devices:

1. Graphics Tablets
2. Cameras
3. Video Capture Handware
4. Trackballs
5. Barcode reader
6. Digital camera
7. Gamepad
8. Joystick
9. Keyboard
10. Microphone
11. MIDI keyboard
12. Mouse (pointing device)
13. Scanner
14. Webcam
15. Touchpads
16. Electronic Whiteboard
17. Magnetic Key Cards

Output Devices:

1. Monitor
2. Printers (all types)
3. Plotters
4. Projector
5. LCD Projection Panels
6. Computer Output microfilm (COM)
7. Speaker(s)
8. Radio

Both Input-Output Devices:

1. Modems
2. Network cards
3. Touch Screen
4. Headsets
5. Facsimile (scanner)
6. Audio Cards/Sound Card
7. USB

Parts of Central Unit:

Program:

• Ask the user for scores, S1, S2, S3
• Save the scores
• Add Scores
• Save in sum
• Find average 
• Save average
• Print Scores, sum, average

Random Access Memory- volatile - this means that everything that is stored is erased when turned off. The data that is running and the data that is related to it is stored in RAM. 

Central Processing Unit has 2 units:

1. Control Unit (CU)
1. executes the program line by line and works as an interface between input/output devices, ALU, and RAM
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 
1. performs arithmetic operations and evaluates logical statements 

Computer Architecture Diagram

Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

• How do computers come to life?
• The on button
• 0 - Off
• 1 - On
• This is using binary system because that uses two states
• 0 is called bit, 1 is called bit
• Every simple on the keyboard is called a character including space bar, a-z, small letters, 0-9, special symbols.
• a combination each combo represents something different
• for example 01010010- A and 00010111- a... 
• 8 bits = 1 byte
• Every character on KB is represented by a byte.
• electrical pulse can make it go in and doesn't go in 
• The computer continually simplifies the language until it becomes easy enough for a computer to process
• Operating system: helps resource management and helps computer wake up and shut down and connect to various resources
• screen to keyboard
• mouse to screen
• keyboard to mouse
• Jobs: gives priority to certain jobs 
• When a person types on the alphabet or any character on the keyboard, electrical pulses are sent in are sent in or not sent in based on the combination of bits used for that character.
• A compiler takes in the high level language from the user checks for any errors and displays errors to the owner so after it is fixed, it converts the ENTIRE thing into mission language/ binary language/ object code/ binary code/ mission code.
• example like java programming
• Interpreter is a systems program that takes in the high level language and converts it statement by statement into machine language. 
• not taking entire thing, taking only line by line so that it will come out immediately. 
• Source Code --> Compiler/Interpreter --> Object Code (bunch of binary) 
• Object Code- binary code or language/ machine code or language
• High level language --> java, CTT, python
• Application Software and System Software
•  Application Software- software for a given application.
• System software is like an operating system
• they are in the background 
• When the computer is rebooted, it will go through a checklist of if everything works

Points to Consider for presentation

Some points I would could consider to keep my audience engaged during the presentation would be:
- Try to incorporate some fun facts or interesting facts to keep my audience interested.
- I would also try not to sound very monotone and keep a light active voice so that my audience won't feel bored.
- I would keep in mind all my public speaking skills when presenting so that my audience would be able to understand me and I can sound more professional
- Connect the explanation to the daily life

 Video Notes:
- Always use big fonts so that you are forced to compact your information in small amounts
- Use minimal amount of slides
- Try not to make it too long so that they can stay focused

Software Approach, Top Down Design

One way of coding is to simply have an rough idea of what you want to do and then start typing away to produce one huge source file.

This is a very bad idea.

The resulting code is likely to have many issues with it that include

• Poorly documented code, so very hard to maintain and update
• 'Spaghetti code' - which means a tangled mess of jumps and loops all over the code, very hard for someone to understand. Even by the original coder a few days later!
• Duplication of code, so wasting memory and running speed
• Very hard to develop by more than one person as there is only one file
• Very hard to debug - the file either works for it doesn't
  
  

Systems Thinking

What comes to your mind when you hear the word system? What is a System? How does it work?

- When I hear the word system, I think of gears, like the picture of the app called system on an iphone.
- A system is something that is used to organize something. For example, color coding something is a system. It is when different components work together to create something.
- It works by having something that will trigger the next thing which will lead to the next.


Notes:

Domain: the knowledge of how something functions
- any software product needs to be tested for how it works as system.
There is always something flowing through the system

A computer has many parts that help the computer function.

Even if there are two of the same things, there are still two different names they are called so that means they are different.
Everything has to stay within the same kind of "measurement"